Ndalama zoyendetsera chitetezo zawonjezeka pazaka zisanu zapitazi, malinga ndi kafukufuku watsopano.Komabe, pali zochitika zambiri zamfuti m’sukulu kuposa kale lonse.
Pamene Adam Lane anakhala mphunzitsi wamkulu wa Haynes City High School zaka zisanu ndi zitatu zapitazo, palibe chimene chikanalepheretsa oukirawo kuti asalowe m’sukulu, yomwe ili pafupi ndi minda ya malalanje, malo owetera ng’ombe, ndi manda m’chigawo chapakati cha Florida.
Masiku ano, sukuluyi yazunguliridwa ndi mpanda wa mamita 10, ndipo mwayi wopita ku sukuluyi umayendetsedwa ndi zipata zapadera.Alendo ayenera kukanikizabuzzer batanikulowa kutsogolo kwa desk.Makamera opitilira 40 amawunika malo ofunikira.
Deta yatsopano ya federal yomwe yatulutsidwa Lachinayi ikuwonetsa njira zambiri zomwe sukulu zathandizira chitetezo m'zaka zisanu zapitazi, popeza dzikolo lalembapo zakupha katatu koopsa kwa sukulu, komanso kuwombera kwina kofala kusukulu.Zomwe zimayambitsa zochitika zawonjezekanso.
Pafupifupi magawo awiri pa atatu aliwonse a masukulu aboma aku US tsopano akuwongolera mwayi wopita ku masukulu - osati nyumba zokha - pasukulu, kuchokera pafupifupi theka la chaka cha 2017-2018.Pafupifupi 43 peresenti ya masukulu aboma ali ndi “mabatani adzidzidzi” kapena ma siren omwe amalumikizana mwachindunji ndi apolisi pakagwa mwadzidzidzi, kuchokera pa 29 peresenti zaka zisanu zapitazo.Malinga ndi kafukufuku amene bungwe la National Center for Education Statistics linatulutsa, bungwe lochita kafukufuku lomwe lili m’gulu la Dipatimenti Yoona za Maphunziro ku United States, anthu 78 pa 100 alionse amakhala ndi maloko m’makalasi awo, poyerekeza ndi 65 peresenti.
Pafupifupi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu a masukulu aboma akuti amakhala ndi zoyeserera zisanu ndi zinayi kapena kupitilira apo pachaka, kusonyeza kuti chitetezo ndi gawo la moyo wa sukulu.
Zina mwa machitidwe omwe akukambidwa kwambiri adasinthanso koma sizikufalikira.Masukulu asanu ndi anayi pa zana aliwonse a sukulu zaboma adanenanso kuti amagwiritsa ntchito zida zowunikira zitsulo, ndipo 6 peresenti adanenanso kuti amazigwiritsa ntchito tsiku lililonse.Ngakhale masukulu ambiri ali ndi apolisi akumasukulu, ndi 3 peresenti yokha ya masukulu aboma omwe adafotokoza za aphunzitsi okhala ndi zida kapena anthu ena omwe si achitetezo.
Ngakhale kuti sukulu zimawononga mabiliyoni a madola pa chitetezo, chiwerengero cha zochitika za mfuti m'masukulu sichikuchepa.Patsoka laposachedwa kwambiri sabata yatha ku Virginia, apolisi adati mwana wazaka 6 wa giredi yoyamba adabweretsa mfuti kunyumba ndikuvulaza kwambiri mphunzitsi wake nayo.
Malinga ndi K-12 School Shooting Database, pulojekiti yofufuza yomwe imatsata kuwombera kapena kutulutsa mfuti pa katundu wa sukulu, anthu oposa 330 anawomberedwa kapena kuvulala pa katundu wa sukulu chaka chatha, kuchokera pa 218 mu 2018. Chiwerengero chonse cha zochitika, zomwe zingaphatikizepo milandu yomwe palibe amene adavulazidwa, adakweranso kuchokera pa 120 mu 2018 kufika pa 300, kuchokera pa 22 m'chaka cha 1999 Columbine High School kuwombera.Achinyamata awiri adapha anthu 13.Anthu.
Kuwonjezeka kwa ziwawa za mfuti m’masukulu kumabwera pakati pa chiwonjezeko cha anthu owomberana ndi mfuti ku United States.Ponseponse, sukuluyo ikadali yotetezeka kwambiri.
Kuwombera kusukulu "ndizochitika kawirikawiri," atero a David Readman, woyambitsa K-12 School Shooting Database.
Wofufuza wake anapeza masukulu 300 omwe anali ndi mfuti chaka chatha, kachigawo kakang'ono ka masukulu pafupifupi 130,000 ku United States.Kuwombera m’sukulu kumapangitsa kuti pa anthu 100 alionse aziphedwa ndi mfuti ku United States osachepera 1 peresenti.
Komabe, kuwonongeka komwe kukukulirakulira kumapereka udindo wowonjezereka kusukulu osati kungophunzitsa, kudyetsa ndi kuphunzitsa ana, komanso kuwateteza ku zovuta.Njira zabwino kwambiri zimaphatikizapo njira zosavuta monga kutseka zitseko zamakalasi ndi kuletsa mwayi wopita kusukulu.
Koma akatswiri akuti njira zambiri "zoletsa", monga zowunikira zitsulo, zikwama zowoneka bwino, kapena kukhala ndi asitikali okhala ndi zida pamasukulu, sizinatsimikizike kuti zingathandize kupewa kuwombera.Zida zina, monga makamera otetezera kapenamwadzidzidzimabatani, angathandize kuthetsa chiwawa kwakanthawi, koma sangapeweretu kuwomberana.
"Palibe umboni wochuluka wosonyeza kuti amagwira ntchito," a Mark Zimmerman, mtsogoleri wa National Center for School Safety ku yunivesite ya Michigan, adanena za njira zambiri zachitetezo.“Ngati musindikizaNdi kusiyabatani, mwina zikutanthauza kuti wina akuwombera kale kapena akuwopseza kuwombera.Uku sikuteteza.”
Kupititsa patsogolo chitetezo kungabwerenso ndi zoopsa zake.Kafukufuku waposachedwapa wasonyeza kuti ophunzira akuda ali ndi mwayi wochuluka kuwirikiza kanayi kuti alembetse m’masukulu amene amayang’aniridwa kwambiri kuposa ophunzira a mafuko ena, ndipo chifukwa cha njira zimenezi, ophunzira m’masukulu amenewa akhoza kulipira “misonkho yachitetezo” chifukwa chochita bwino komanso kuimitsa ntchito.
Popeza kuti kuwomberana kusukulu kochuluka kumachitidwa ndi ophunzira apano kapena omaliza maphunziro awo posachedwapa, anzawo ndi amene angawone ziwopsezozo ndi kunena zowopsezazo, anatero Frank Straub, mkulu wa National Police Institute’s Center for the Prevention of Sexual Assault.
"Ambiri mwa anthuwa adachita nawo zomwe zimatchedwa kutulutsa - adalemba zambiri pa intaneti ndikuuza anzawo," adatero a Straub.Anawonjezeranso kuti aphunzitsi, makolo ndi ena ayeneranso kuyang'ana zizindikiro: mwana amakhala womasuka komanso wokhumudwa, wophunzira amakoka mfuti m'buku.
"Zachidziwikire, tifunika kuchita bwino pozindikira ophunzira a K-12 omwe akuvutika," adatero.“Ndipo ndi okwera mtengo.Nkovuta kutsimikizira kuti mukupewa.”
"M'mbiri yonse komanso zaka zingapo zapitazi, ndi kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa chiwerengero cha zochitika, zomwe zimachitika kawirikawiri zakhala ndewu yomwe imakula mpaka kuwombera," adatero Bambo Readman wa K-12 School Shooting Database.Ananenanso za kukula kwa kuwomberana m'dziko lonselo ndipo adati deta ikuwonetsa kuti anthu ambiri, ngakhale akuluakulu, akungobweretsa mfuti kusukulu.
Christy Barrett, superintendent wa Southern California's Hemet Unified School District, akudziwa kuti ziribe kanthu zomwe angachite, sangathe kuthetseratu chiopsezo kwa aliyense m'chigawo chake cha sukulu chomwe chili ndi ophunzira 22,000 ndi antchito zikwi zambiri.Masukulu 28 ndi pafupifupi 700 masikweya mailosi.
Koma anachitapo kanthu mwa kuyambitsa lamulo lokhoma zitseko m’kalasi iliyonse zaka zingapo zapitazo.
Derali likusunthiranso kumaloko a zitseko zamagetsi, zomwe akuyembekeza kuti achepetsa "zosintha zaumunthu" kapena kufunafuna makiyi pavuto."Ngati pali wolowerera, wowombera mwachangu, timatha kuletsa chilichonse nthawi yomweyo," adatero.
Akuluakulu akusukulu achitanso kafukufuku wazitsulo m'masukulu ena apamwamba ndi zotsatira zosiyana.
Zida zimenezi nthawi zina zimakhala ndi zikwangwani zosonyeza zinthu zoipa monga zikwatu za kusukulu, ndipo zida zimatayika ngati sizikugwiritsidwa ntchito.Ngakhale adati zigawengazo sizinayang'ane magulu aliwonse, adavomereza kuti kuwunika kusukulu kungakhudze kwambiri ophunzira amitundu.
“Ngakhale zitangochitika mwachisawawa, maganizo ake alipo,” anatero Dr. Barrett, yemwe m’dera lake kuli anthu ambiri a ku Puerto Rico ndipo ali ndi ophunzira ochepa azungu ndi akuda.
Tsopano masukulu onse a kusekondale m’chigawochi ali ndi kachitidwe kake kakuzindikira zitsulo m’zida."Wophunzira aliyense amakumana ndi izi," adatero, ndikuwonjezera kuti palibe zida zomwe zapezeka chaka chino.
Malinga ndi iye, pasukulu iliyonse pali alangizi othana ndi mavuto amisala a ophunzira.Ophunzira akamalowetsa mawu oyambira monga "kudzipha" kapena "kuwombera" pazida zoperekedwa ndi chigawo, mapulogalamuwa amawonetsa mbendera kuti azindikire bwino ana omwe akufunika thandizo.
Kuwombera koopsa kwa masukulu ku Parkland, Florida, Santa Fe, Texas, ndi Uvalde, Texas, m'zaka zaposachedwa sikunapangitse njira zowonjezera chitetezo, koma zatsimikizira, adatero.